Instructor: Theodore Garland, Jr., Professor of Biology, University
of California, Riverside.
109 University Lab Building; 787-3524; tgarland@citrus.ucr.edu
Office Hours: Tuesday and Wednesday, 10-11 A.M. in 109 ULB, or by appointment.
Catalog Description: Interactions between organisms and their environments, emphasizing coadaptation of physiological, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes. Topics include: allometry and scaling, metabolism and locomotion, heat and water exchange, evolution of endothermy, artificial selection experiments, and phylogenetically based statistical methods.
Lecture: Tuesday and Thursday, 2:10 - 3:30 P.M. in 1307 Spieth Hall
Text: Packet of Readings from UCR Printing & Reprographics ($25.65).
Grading: Mid-term exam (100 points); Final exam (100 points);
Written report on paper from the
current literature (30 points); Class participation (20 points).
Mid-term Exam: Tuesday, 12 February, in class. Final Exam: Wednesday, 20 March, 3-6 P.M.
Lecture Topics and Reading by Week:
1. Historical development of comparative, environmental, ecological,
and evolutionary physiology.
Bennett, A. F. 1987. The accomplishments of physiological
ecology. Pages 1-10 in M. E. Feder, A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren,
and R. B. Huey, eds. New directions
in ecological physiology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Bartholomew, G. A. 1987. Interspecific comparison as
a tool for ecological physiologists. Pages 11-37 in same volume.
2. Metabolism and locomotion.
Withers, P. C. 1992. Comparative animal physiology. 1st
ed. Saunders College Pub., Fort Worth. Ch. 4, Animal Energetics, pp. 82-121.
3. Heat and water exchange.
Withers, P. C. 1992. Comparative animal physiology. 1st
ed. Saunders College Pub., Fort Worth. Ch. 5, Temperature, pp. 122-191.
4. Body size, allometry, scaling, and symmorphosis.
Garland, T., Jr., and P. A. Carter. 1994. Evolutionary
physiology. Annual Review of Physiology 56:579-621.
Garland, T., Jr. 1998. Testing the predictions of symmorphosis:
conceptual and methodological issues.
Pages 40-47 in Principles
of Animal Design: The Optimization and Symmorphosis Debate, E. R. Weibel,
L. Bolis,
and C. R. Taylor, eds. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
5. Evolution of endothermy.
Block, B. A., and J. R. Finnerty. 1994. Endothermy in
fishes: A phylogenetic analysis of constraints, predispositions,
and selection pressures. Environmental
Biology of Fishes 40:283-302.
Farmer, C. G. 2000. Parental care: the key to understanding
endothermy and other convergent features in birds and mammals.
American Naturalist 155:326-334.
Koteja, P. 2000. Energy assimilation, parental care and
evolution of endothermy. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 267:479-484.
***** Mid-term Exam: Tuesday, 12 February, in class.
***** Finalize Paper to Review: by 15 February.
6. Components of microevolution: individual variation, inheritance,
selection.
Hayes, J. P., and S. H. Jenkins. 1997. Individual variation
in mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 78:274-293.
7. Studying microevolution in the wild.
Hayes, J. P., and C. S. O'Connor. 1999. Natural selection
on thermorgenic capacity of high-altitude deer mice. Evolution 53:1280-1287.
Etterson, J. R., and R. G. Shaw. 2001. Constraint to
adaptive evolution in response to global warming. Science 294:151-154.
8. Studying microevolution in the lab: selection experiments.
Garland, T., Jr. Unpublished article. Selection experiments:
an underutilized tool in biomechanics and organismal biology.
9. Why phylogeny matters.
Garland, T., Jr., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Why not to
do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation.
Physiological Zoology 67:797-828.
10. Phylogenetically based statistical methods.
Handouts
***** Paper Report Due: Friday, 15 March.
***** Final Exam: Wednesday, 20 March, 3-6 P.M.