THEODORE GARLAND, Jr.
Professor of Biology
Office: 109 University Lab Building
Phone: (909) 787-3524
Facsimile: (909) 787-4286
E-mail: tgarland@citrus.ucr.edu
Degree: Ph.D., University of California, Irvine, 1985
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Most of the research in my laboratory involves
the evolution of complex phenotypes.
Through empirical, theoretical, and methodological studies, we are also
helping to develop the recent field of evolutionary physiology (e.g., see
Annual Review of Physiology [1994] 56:579-621; Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics [2000] 31:315-341).
Physiology is the study of how organisms
work. Evolution is the study of how organisms have changed (genetically)
across generations. Thus, evolutionary physiology is the study of
how and why the way organisms work has changed over time. For example,
does the way an organism work constrain the way it may evolve? Answers
to such questions require a deep understanding of both proximate and ultimate
mechanisms. Accordingly, my graduate students and I participate in
both the Evolutionary
Biology and the Physiology
graduate tracks within the Department of Biology, as well as the Evolution
and Ecology Graduate Research Unit. As physiology cannot properly
be understood in isolation from morphology, biochemistry, and behavior,
my general approach is integrative and hence crosses traditional boundaries
between disciplines.
Our laboratory is equipped to make a variety
of sophisticated whole-animal physiological and behavioral measurements.
We have concentrated on activity metabolism because many natural behaviors
(e.g., escaping from predators, foraging) depend crucially on capacities
for locomotion. I have worked primarily on lizards, snakes, and small
mammals, including house mice. However, I recognize the value of
model systems and am always amenable to work with other organisms.
Although most of our efforts involve exercise physiology and locomotor
behavior, graduate students have worked on a variety of other projects,
including: the evolution of reproductive timing in seals; behavioral/physiological
ecology and conservation biology of desert tortoises; reproductive and
conservation biology of lizards on a Spanish island; development of a monitoring
program for endangered species of small mammals. In addition, we
have collaborated with scientists from many countries, including Argentina,
Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Mexico, The
Netherlands, Spain, and The United Kingdom.
For more on research in the Garland
lab, click
here.
For a complete list of Garland publications and links
to
PDF reprints, click
here.
For a complete Garland C.V., click
here.
PDAP: Phenotypic
Diversity Analysis Programs (software
to perform phylogenetically based statistical analyses)
PDTREE module
in Mesquite (JAVA-based software to perform phylogenetically based
statistical analyses)
PHYSIG (MatLab programs to perform phylogenetically
based statistical analyses)
PHYLOGR (R language code to
perform phylogenetically based statistical analyses)
Selected recent publications:
-
Wolf, C. M., T. Garland, Jr., and B. Griffith. 1998. Predictors of avian
and mammalian translocation success: reanalysis with phylogenetically independent
contrasts. Biological Conservation 86:243-255.
Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Brashares, J., T. Garland, Jr., and P. Arcese. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis
of coadaptation in behavior, diet, and body size in the African antelope.
Behavioral Ecology 11:452-463. Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Clobert, J., A. Oppliger, G. Sorci, B. Ernande, J. G. Swallow, and T.
Garland, Jr. 2000. Trade-offs in phenotypic traits: endurance at birth,
growth, survival, predation, and susceptibility to parasitism in a lizard,
Lacerta vivipara. Functional Ecology 14:675-684. Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Garland, T., Jr., and A. R. Ives. 2000. Using the past to predict the
present: Confidence intervals for regression equations in phylogenetic
comparative methods. American Naturalist 155:346-364. Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Bonine, K. E., T. T. Gleeson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Comparative
analysis of fiber-type composition in the iliofibularis muscle of phrynosomatid
lizards (Sauria). Journal of Morphology 250:265-280.
Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Irschick, D. J., and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Integrating function and
ecology in studies of adaptation: investigations of locomotor capacity
as a model system. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32:367-396.
Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Garland, T., Jr., M. T. Morgan, J. G. Swallow, J. S. Rhodes, I. Girard,
J. G. Belter, and P. A. Carter. 2002. Evolution of a small-muscle polymorphism
in lines of house mice selected for high activity levels. Evolution
56:1267-1275. [PDF
file]
-
Girard, I., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Plasma corticosterone response
to acute and chronic voluntary exercise in female house mice. Journal
of Applied Physiology 92:1553-1561. [PDF
file]
-
Perry, G., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Lizard home ranges revisited: effects
of sex, body size, diet, habitat, and phylogeny. Ecology 83:1870-1885.
[PDF
file]
-
Blomberg, S. P., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Tempo and mode in evolution:
phylogenetic inertia, adaptation and comparative methods. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology 15:899-910. [PDF
file]
-
Hutcheon, J. M., J. A. W. Kirsch, and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. A comparative
analysis of brain size in relation to foraging ecology and phylogeny in
the Chiroptera. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 60:165-180.
Abstract
[PDF
file]
-
Abbott, D. H., E. B. Keverne, F. B. Bercovitch, C. A. Shively, S. P.
Mendoza, W. Saltzman, C. T. Snowdon, T. E. Ziegler, M. Banjevic, T. Garland,
Jr., and R. M. Sapolsky. 2003. Are subordinates always stressed? A comparative
analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates. Hormones
and Behavior 43:67-82. [PDF
file]
-
Bronikowski, A. M., P. A. Carter, T. J. Morgan, T. Garland, Jr., N.
Ung, T. D. Pugh, R. Weindruch, and T. A. Prolla. 2003. Lifelong voluntary
exercise in the mouse prevents age-related alterations in gene expression
in the heart. Physiological Genomics 12:129-138.
[PDF
file]
-
Garland, T., Jr. 2003. Selection experiments: an underutilized tool
in biomechanics and organismal biology. Pages 23-56 in Vertebrate Biomechanics
and Evolution. V. L. Bels, J.-P. Gasc, and A. Casinos, eds. BIOS Scientific
Publishers, Oxford, U.K. [PDF
file]
-
Perry, G., K. LeVering, I. Girard, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Locomotor
performance and social dominance in male Anolis cristatellus. Animal
Behaviour. In press.
-
Rhodes, J. S., H. van Praag, S. Jeffrey, I. Girard, G. S. Mitchell,
T. Garland, Jr., and F. H. Gage. 2003. Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis
to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased
voluntary wheel running. Behavioral Neuroscience. In press.
-
Johnston, I. A., D. A. Fernandez, J. Calvo, V. L. A. Vieira, A. W. North,
M. Abercomby, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Reduction in muscle fibre number
during the adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes: a phylogenetic perspective.
Journal of Experimental Biology 206:2595-2609. [PDF
file]
Last updated 16 September 2003 by T.G.