Instructor: Theodore Garland,
Jr., Professor of Biology, University of California, Riverside.
Office is 109 University Lab Building; Phone 787-3524; tgarland@citrus.ucr.edu
Office Hours: Tuesday and Wednesday, 10-11 A.M. in 109 ULB, or by appointment.
Catalog Description: Interactions between organisms and their environments, emphasizing coadaptation of physiological, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes. Topics include: allometry and scaling, metabolism and locomotion, heat and water exchange, evolution of endothermy, artificial selection experiments, and phylogenetically based statistical methods.
Lecture: Tuesday and Thursday, 12:40 - 2:00 P.M. in 1307 Spieth Hall
Required Text: Packet of Readings from UCR Printing & Reprographics
Grading: Student Survey (10 points), Quiz 1 (20 points),
Mid-term exam (100 points),
Quiz 2 (20 points), Written critique of a paper from the current literature
(20 points),
Final exam (100 points). Total = 270 points.
Lecture Schedule and Required Readings:
1. 26 Sept. 2002 - Intro. to Course; Student Survey; Historical Development of Eco Evo Phys
2. 1 Oct. 2002 - Evolution and the Phenotypic Hierarchy
Bennett, A. F. 1987. The accomplishments of physiological ecology.
Pages 1-10 in M. E. Feder,
A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, and R. B. Huey,
eds. New directions in ecological physiology.
Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mayr, E. 1961. Cause and effect in biology. Science
134:1501-1506.
3. 3 Oct. 2002 - Allometry and Scaling
Pages 1-32 in Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling:
why is animal size so important? Cambridge Univ. Press.
4. 8 Oct. 2002 - Thermoregulation and Resting
Metabolism 1
Page 665-728 in Randall, D., W. Burggren,
and K. French (with contributions by R. Fernald). 1997.
Eckert animal physiology:
mechanisms and adaptations. 4th ed. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
5. 10 Oct. 2002 - Quiz; Thermoregulation and Resting Metabolism 2
6. 15 Oct. 2002 - Locomotor Performance and Energetics
Bennett, A. F. 1985. Energetics and locomotion.
Pages 173-184 in M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble,
K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake,
eds. Functional vertebrate morphology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Shillington, C., and C. C. Peterson. 2002. Energy
metabolism of male and female tarantulas
(Aphonopelma anax)
during locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:2909-2914.
7. 17 Oct. 2002 - Evolution of Endothermy 1
Farmer, C. G. 2000. Parental care: the key to understanding endothermy
and other
convergent features in birds and mammals.
American Naturalist 155:326-334.
Koteja, P. 2000. Energy assimilation, parental care and evolution of
endothermy.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
B 267:479-484.
8. 22 Oct. 2002 - Evolution of Endothermy 2
Block, B. A., and J. R. Finnerty. 1994. Endothermy in fishes: A phylogenetic
analysis of
constraints, predispositions, and selection
pressures. Environmental Biology of Fishes 40:283-302.
9. 24 Oct. 2002 - Methods for Studying Adaptation,
Including Definitions
Pages 519-537 in Futuyma, D. J. 1998. Evolutionary biology.
3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
Pages 251-284 in Freeman, S., and J. C. Herron. 2001. Evolutionary
analysis. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
10. 29 Oct. 2002 - continue from previous lecture;
Symmorphosis
Weibel, E. R., C. R. Taylor, and H. Hoppeler. 1991.
The concept of symmorphosis:
A testable hypothesis of
structure-function relationship. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10357-10361.
Garland, T., Jr. 1998. Testing the predictions of symmorphosis: conceptual
and methodological
issues. Pages 40-47 in , E. R. Weibel,
L. Bolis, and C. R. Taylor, eds. Principles of animal
design: the optimization and symmorphosis
debate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
11. 31 Oct. 2002 - Midterm Exam
12. 5 Nov. 2002 - Individual Variation and Quantitative
Genetics
Hayes, J. P., and S. H. Jenkins. 1997. Individual variation in mammals.
Journal of Mammalogy 78:274-293.
Arnold, S. J. 1994. Multivariate inheritance and
evolution: a review of concepts. Pages 17-48 in
C. R. B. Boake, ed. Quantitative
genetic studies of behavioral evolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
13. 7 Nov. 2002 - continue from previous lecture;
Selection Experiments 1
Gibbs, A. G. 1999. Laboratory selection for the
comparative physiologist. J. Experimental Biol. 202:2709-2718.
14. 12 Nov. 2002 - Selection Experiments 2
Travisano, M., J. A. Mongold, A. F. Bennett, and
R. E. Lenski. 1995. Experimental tests of the
roles of adaptation, chance,
and history in evolution. Science 267:87-90.
15. 14 Nov. 2002 - Measuring Selection in the
Wild
Hayes, J. P., and C. S. O'Connor. 1999. Natural selection on thermorgenic
capacity of
high-altitude deer mice. Evolution 53:1280-1287.
Sinervo, B., D. B. Miles, W. A. Frankino, M. Klukowski,
and D. F. DeNardo. 2000.
Testosterone, endurance,
and Darwinian fitness: Natural and sexual selection on the
physiological bases of
alternative male behaviors in side-blotched lizards. Hormones and Behavior
38:222-233.
16. 19 Nov. 2002 - Studying Microevolution in
the Wild: Example 1
Guest lecture on deer mice (altitude adaptation) as a model system:
Prof. Mark A. Chappell
Chappell, M. A., and L. R. G. Snyder. 1984. Biochemical and physiological
correlates of
deer mouse alpha-chain hemoglobin polymorphisms.
Proceedings National Academy of Sciences,
USA 81:5484-5488.
17. 21 Nov. 2002 - Studying Microevolution in
the Wild: Example 2
Guest lecture on guppies (life history) as a model system: Prof.
David N. Reznick
Reznick, D., J. M. Butler, IV, and H. Rodd. 2001. Life history evolution
in guppies. VII.
The comparative ecology of high- and low-predation
environments. American Naturalist 157:126-140.
18. 26 Nov. 2002 - Quiz (does not
include today's reading);
Interspecific Comparisons
and Why Phylogeny Matters
Garland, T., Jr., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Why not
to do two-species comparative studies:
limitations on inferring
adaptation. Physiological Zoology 67:797-828.
19. 3 Dec. 2002 - Paper Review due at start; Phylogenetically Based Statistical Methods
20. 5 Dec. 2002 - Evaluations, continue from previous lecture, Review for Final Exam.
10 December 2002 - Final Exam 3-6
P.M. (emphasizes second half of course)