Syllabus:  "Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology" (BIOL 174) Fall 2002

Instructor:  Theodore Garland, Jr., Professor of Biology, University of California, Riverside.
Office is 109 University Lab Building; Phone 787-3524; tgarland@citrus.ucr.edu

Office Hours:  Tuesday and Wednesday, 10-11 A.M. in 109 ULB, or by appointment.

Catalog Description:  Interactions between organisms and their environments, emphasizing coadaptation of physiological, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes. Topics include: allometry and scaling, metabolism and locomotion, heat and water exchange, evolution of endothermy, artificial selection experiments, and phylogenetically based statistical methods.

Lecture:  Tuesday and Thursday, 12:40 - 2:00 P.M. in 1307 Spieth Hall

Required Text:  Packet of Readings from UCR Printing & Reprographics

Grading:  Student Survey (10 points), Quiz 1 (20 points), Mid-term exam (100 points),
                Quiz 2 (20 points), Written critique of a paper from the current literature (20 points),
                Final exam (100 points). Total = 270 points.

Lecture Schedule and Required Readings:

1. 26 Sept. 2002 - Intro. to Course; Student Survey; Historical Development of Eco Evo Phys

2. 1 Oct. 2002 - Evolution and the Phenotypic Hierarchy
Bennett, A. F. 1987. The accomplishments of physiological ecology. Pages 1-10 in M. E. Feder,
     A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, and R. B. Huey, eds. New directions in ecological physiology.
     Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mayr, E. 1961. Cause and effect in biology. Science 134:1501-1506.

3. 3 Oct. 2002 - Allometry and Scaling
Pages 1-32 in Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling: why is animal size so important? Cambridge Univ. Press.

4. 8 Oct. 2002 - Thermoregulation and Resting Metabolism 1
Page 665-728 in Randall, D., W. Burggren, and K. French (with contributions by R. Fernald). 1997.
     Eckert animal physiology: mechanisms and adaptations. 4th ed. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.

5. 10 Oct. 2002 - Quiz; Thermoregulation and Resting Metabolism 2

6. 15 Oct. 2002 - Locomotor Performance and Energetics
Bennett, A. F. 1985. Energetics and locomotion. Pages 173-184 in M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble,
     K. F. Liem, and D. B. Wake, eds. Functional vertebrate morphology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Shillington, C., and C. C. Peterson. 2002. Energy metabolism of male and female tarantulas
     (Aphonopelma anax) during locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:2909-2914.

7. 17 Oct. 2002 - Evolution of Endothermy 1
Farmer, C. G. 2000. Parental care: the key to understanding endothermy and other
     convergent features in birds and mammals. American Naturalist 155:326-334.
Koteja, P. 2000. Energy assimilation, parental care and evolution of endothermy.
     Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:479-484.

8. 22 Oct. 2002 - Evolution of Endothermy 2
Block, B. A., and J. R. Finnerty. 1994. Endothermy in fishes: A phylogenetic analysis of
     constraints, predispositions, and selection pressures. Environmental Biology of Fishes 40:283-302.

9. 24 Oct. 2002 - Methods for Studying Adaptation, Including Definitions
Pages 519-537 in Futuyma, D. J. 1998. Evolutionary biology. 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
Pages 251-284 in Freeman, S., and J. C. Herron. 2001. Evolutionary analysis. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

10. 29 Oct. 2002 - continue from previous lecture; Symmorphosis
Weibel, E. R., C. R. Taylor, and H. Hoppeler. 1991. The concept of symmorphosis:
     A testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10357-10361.
Garland, T., Jr. 1998. Testing the predictions of symmorphosis: conceptual and methodological
     issues. Pages 40-47 in , E. R. Weibel, L. Bolis, and C. R. Taylor, eds. Principles of animal
     design: the optimization and symmorphosis debate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

11. 31 Oct. 2002 - Midterm Exam

12. 5 Nov. 2002 - Individual Variation and Quantitative Genetics
Hayes, J. P., and S. H. Jenkins. 1997. Individual variation in mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 78:274-293.
Arnold, S. J. 1994. Multivariate inheritance and evolution: a review of concepts. Pages 17-48 in
     C. R. B. Boake, ed. Quantitative genetic studies of behavioral evolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

13. 7 Nov. 2002 - continue from previous lecture; Selection Experiments 1
Gibbs, A. G. 1999. Laboratory selection for the comparative physiologist. J. Experimental Biol. 202:2709-2718.

14. 12 Nov. 2002 - Selection Experiments 2
Travisano, M., J. A. Mongold, A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1995. Experimental tests of the
     roles of adaptation, chance, and history in evolution. Science 267:87-90.

15. 14 Nov. 2002 - Measuring Selection in the Wild
Hayes, J. P., and C. S. O'Connor. 1999. Natural selection on thermorgenic capacity of
     high-altitude deer mice. Evolution 53:1280-1287.
Sinervo, B., D. B. Miles, W. A. Frankino, M. Klukowski, and D. F. DeNardo. 2000.
     Testosterone, endurance, and Darwinian fitness: Natural and sexual selection on the
     physiological bases of alternative male behaviors in side-blotched lizards. Hormones and Behavior 38:222-233.

16. 19 Nov. 2002 - Studying Microevolution in the Wild: Example 1
Guest lecture on deer mice (altitude adaptation) as a model system: Prof. Mark A. Chappell
Chappell, M. A., and L. R. G. Snyder. 1984. Biochemical and physiological correlates of
     deer mouse alpha-chain hemoglobin polymorphisms.
     Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA 81:5484-5488.

17. 21 Nov. 2002 - Studying Microevolution in the Wild: Example 2
Guest lecture on guppies (life history) as a model system: Prof. David N. Reznick
Reznick, D., J. M. Butler, IV, and H. Rodd. 2001. Life history evolution in guppies. VII.
     The comparative ecology of high- and low-predation environments. American Naturalist 157:126-140.

18. 26 Nov. 2002 - Quiz (does not include today's reading);
     Interspecific Comparisons and Why Phylogeny Matters
Garland, T., Jr., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Why not to do two-species comparative studies:
     limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiological Zoology 67:797-828.

19. 3 Dec. 2002 - Paper Review due at start; Phylogenetically Based Statistical Methods

20. 5 Dec. 2002 - Evaluations, continue from previous lecture, Review for Final Exam.

10 December 2002 - Final Exam 3-6 P.M. (emphasizes second half of course)