The following list contains the undergraduate courses routinely offered by the Biology Department. Some are offered more than once per academic year; some others are offered on alternate years. A number of courses are cross-listed with other UCR departments. Course instructors may vary from year to year.
Course offerings, descriptions, and prerequisites may change periodically, Therefore this list MAY NOT BE COMPLETELY UP TO DATE. Check the official current printed UCR course catalog for details.
Lower -Division Courses
BIOL 002. Cellular Basis of Life. (4)Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to the fundamentals of life processes at the cellular level. Topics include cell structure, chemical composition, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, and development with emphasis on humans. Not recommended for natural science majors. Credit is not awarded for BIOL 002 if it has already been awarded for BIOL 005A or BIOL 05LA. Either BIOL 002 or BIOL 003 may be taken as a breadth requirement in biology; together they provide a general introduction to the field of biology.
BIOL 003. Organisms in Their Environment. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to the physiology, ecology, and evolution of living organisms with emphasis on humans. Not recommended for natural science majors. Credit is not allowed for both BIOL 003 and BIOL 005B. Either BIOL 002 or BIOL 003 may be taken as a breadth requirement in biology; together they provide a general introduction to the field of biology.
BIOL 005A. Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 05LA (may be taken concurrently); CHEM 001A or CHEM 01HA; consent of instructor is required for students repeating the course. An intensive course designed to prepare students for upper-division courses in cell and molecular biology. Covers biochemical, structural, metabolic, and genetic aspects of cells. (Required for Biology majors; recommended for science majors desiring an introduction to biology.) Credit is not awarded for BIOL 005A if it has already been awarded for BIOL 002.
BIOL 05LA. Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory. (1)
Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A (may be taken concurrently); consent of instructor is required for students repeating the course. An introduction to laboratory exercises on fundamental principles of and techniques in cell and molecular biology. Illustrates the experimental foundations of the topics covered in BIOL 005A. Credit is not awarded for BIOL 05LA if it has already been awarded for BIOL 002.
BIOL 005B. Introduction to Organismal Biology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 05LA with grades of "C-" or better; CHEM 001A or CHEM 01HA; CHEM 001B or CHEM 01HB; consent of instructor is required for students repeating the course. An intensive course designed to prepare students for upper-division courses in organismal biology. Covers developmental biology, physiology, and regulation at the level of the organism. (Required for Biology majors; recommended for science majors desiring an introduction to biology.) Credit is awarded for only one of BIOL 003 or BIOL 005B.
BIOL 005C. Introductory Evolution and Ecology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B (or BIOL 002 and BIOL 003 for non-Biology majors) with grades of "C-" or better; MATH 009A or equivalent (may be taken concurrently); consent of instructor is required for students repeating the course. An intensive course designed to introduce the student to the subjects of evolution and ecology. Covers population dynamics, community ecology, population genetics, and evolutionary theory. (Required for Biology majors; recommended for science majors desiring an introduction to biology.) Students who take BIOL 002 and BIOL 003 as part of another major, or those who take equivalent first-year biology at another institution, may enter directly into BIOL 005C without critical handicap.
BIOL 010. Headlines in the History of Life. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. Evolution of life beginning with precellular life. Topics include the origin of sex; multicellularity; vertebrate classes; morphological specializations; adaptive radiations; extinction dynamics; and the biology of dinosaurs. Cross-listed with GEO 003.
BIOL 030. Human Reproduction and Sexual Behavior. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. A consideration of human anatomy, physiology and behavior as related to sexual reproduction, including discussion of fertility, pregnancy, childbirth and birth control. Consideration will also be given to homosexuality, venereal diseases, sex education, sexual intercourse and response.
BIOL 034. Human Heredity and Evolution. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion and problem solving, one hour; audio-visual aids plus discussion, one hour. Basic human genetics and evolution, emphasizing their relationship to physical and emotional health. Political, philosophical and ethical implications of human heredity and evolution.
BIOL 040. Disease and History: From the Bubonic Plague to AIDS. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. This lecture course for nonscience majors will deal with the natural history of infectious diseases and how plagues have influenced the course of human history. It will cover the biology, pathology, epidemiology, and immunology of viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites causing smallpox, yellow fever, influenza, AIDS, syphilis, bubonic plague, tuberculosis, leprosy, malaria, and African sleeping sickness. The role of scientific inquiry in the conquest of human disease will be emphasized.
Upper-Division courses
BIOL 100. General Entomology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, or equivalents; or consent of instructor. Introductory study of insects, Earth's most diverse group of animals (75 percent of animal species are insects). Lecture covers the anatomy, physiology, ecology, behavior, and diversity of insects. Laboratory focuses on insect identification. Cross-listed with ENTM 100.
BIOL 102. Introductory Genetics. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B with grades of "C-" or better. An introductory course, including classical Mendelian genetics, linkage and recombination, sex-linked traits, cytogenetics, developmental genetics, and molecular genetics. Also includes some probability theory and statistics.
BIOL 104. Foundations of Plant Biology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 112A- CHEM 112B. A study of the plant world from cells to ecosystems. Examines the structure and function of organisms from the major plant groups and their role in the biosphere. The laboratory explores the unique properties of plants. Cross-listed with BPSC 104.
BIOL 105. Evolution. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 102, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics; or consent of instructor. Causal interpretation of organic diversity and adaptation. Topics include inference of evolutionary change from the fossil record and from genomic and molecular patterns; microevolution and macroevolution; systematics and the species problem; natural selection, drift, and other forces of evolution.
BIOL 107A. Molecular Biology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A. The study of the structure and function of the genetic material, including DNA structure, DNA replication and recombination, regulation of gene expression, and protein synthesis. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems are examined, including contemporary recombinant DNA technology and applications of molecular cloning procedures.
BIOL 107B. Advanced Molecular Biology. (3)
Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107A or BCH 110C or equivalents. An advanced treatment of the functional architecture of genetic material. Topics include genome structure and chromosome organization, DNA replication and gene expression, cloning organisms, molecular medicine, protein engineering, and application of modern molecular biology to agricultural problems. Coverage of each topic includes discussion of the impact of the emergent molecular technology on society.
BIOL 108. Introductory Population Genetics. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion and demonstration, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, one course in statistics. A study of the factors influencing the genetic structure of natural populations. Topics discussed include the neutralist versus selectionist debate, molecular evolution, ecological genetics, and quantitative genetics.
BIOL 109. Laboratory in Cell and Molecular Biology. (5)
Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; laboratory, nine hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; CBNS 111; consent of instructor. An experimental, integrative approach to contemporary cell and molecular biology techniques. Experiments include immunolocalization, isolation of cellular proteins and nucleic acids, electrophoretic analysis and immunoblotting, enzymatic manipulation of DNA in vitro, molecular cloning, and gene expression. Credit is awarded for only one of BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC 153 or BIOL 109.
BIOL 110. Biology of Human Problems. (4)
Seminar, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. Devoted to selected human problems that have a large biological component and that relate to medicine, ethics, and human existence. Topics covered vary from year to year and include issues of major bioethical importance such as euthanasia, national health care, effects of industrial pollution on individuals and communities, population problems, abortion, and genetic engineering. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).
BIOL 112. Systematics. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C or equivalent. Principles and philosophy of classification: phylogenetic and phenetic methods, species concepts, taxonomic characters, evolution, hierarchy of categories, and nomenclature. Cross-listed with BPSC 112 and ENTM 112.
BIOL 113. Advanced Cell Biology: Membranes, Organelles, and the Cytoskeleton. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 102, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An examination of the organization, function, and behavior of eukaryotic cells. Examines membrane systems, protein targeting, the cytoskeleton, motility, and cell division. Emphasis is on the experiments that form the basis of the current understanding of the cell. Students read original journal articles, an analysis of which is the focus of the discussion section. Credit is not awarded for BIOL 113 if it has already been awarded for CBNS 111.
BIOL 114. Advanced Cell Biology: Cellular Reproduction and Signaling. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 102, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An examination of the organization, function, and behavior of eukaryotic cells. Explores the molecular mechanisms used by cells to control reproduction, growth, and responses to extracellular signals. Emphasis is on experiments that form the basis of the current understanding of the cell. Students read original journal articles, an analysis of which is the focus of the discussion section. Credit is not awarded for BIOL 114 if it has already been awarded for CBNS 111.
BIOL 115. Human Genetics. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B, BCH 110C or BIOL 107A (may be taken concurrently), STAT 105 or equivalent, BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A; or third-year standing in the Biomedical Sciences Program; or consent of instructor. An introduction to human genetics. Topics include human gene organization and expression, chromosome structure, karyotyping, chromosomal aberrations, sex determination and sex chromosome abnormalities, patterns of single gene inheritance, linkage analysis, human gene mapping, inborn errors in metabolism, human population genetics, polymorphic cell surface antigens, multifactorial inheritance, genetics of cancer, prenatal diagnosis, uses of recombinant DNA technology in medical genetics.
BIOL 117. Introductory Population and Community Ecology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An examination of factors governing the distribution and abundance of organisms. Topics include population dynamics, population interactions, the nature and organization of communities, and the role of biotic interactions in evolutionary change. Credit is awarded for only one of BIOL 117 or BIOL 127/ENTM 127.
BIOL 118. Field Course in Evolutionary Ecology. (4)
Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; field, eight hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 117 or equivalent, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics; consent of instructor; BIOL 163 recommended. A series of field exercises related to topics of current interest in evolutionary ecology. Topics include the effects of competition, predation, and mutualism on populations and communities; and theories of optimal behavior, morphology, and life history. Emphasis placed on the design, execution, and analysis of field experiments. Credit is awarded for only one of BIOL 118 or BIOL 164B.
BIOL 119. Functional and Evolutionary Bioinformatics. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 107A, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. Introduction to the theory and practice of bioinformatics, emphasizing database techniques, the interpretation and analysis of protein and DNA sequence data, and molecular evolutionary analyses.
BIOL 120. Introduction to Plant Pathology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B; BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A and BIOL 121B/MCBL 121B recommended. An introduction to the study of plant diseases. Topics include diseases and disease-causing agents, host-pathogen interaction during disease development, and strategies for disease management. An optional, separate laboratory is offered. Cross-listed with MCBL 120 and PLPA 120.
BIOL 120L. Introduction to Plant Pathology Laboratory. (1)
Laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 120/MCBL 120/PLPA 120 or consent of instructor; BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A and BIOL 121B/MCBL 121B recommended. Fundamentals in the use of laboratory instruments and techniques for the detection, isolation, and identification of representative infectious agents that cause disease in plants. Cross-listed with MCBL 120L and PLPA 120L.
BIOL 121A. Microbiology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 05LA, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH110A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. An intensive introduction to the fundamental physiology and molecular biology of bacteria and viruses. Covers evolutionary origins of metabolic diversity, bacterial and viral molecular genetics, and an introduction to microbial pathogenesis. Cross-listed with MCBL 121A.
BIOL 121B. Microbiology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A with a grade of "C-" or better or consent of instructor. An intensive introduction to the fundamental physiology and molecular biology of bacteria and viruses. Covers research strategies for examining microbial pathogenic mechanisms. Cross-listed with MCBL 121B.
BIOL 121L. Microbiology Laboratory. (3)
Lecture, one hour; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A with a grade of "C-" or better. Laboratory exercises in diagnostic bacteriology, basic virology, and epidemiology. Includes fundamental quantitative and diagnostic microbiological procedures, basic mechanisms of microbial genetic exchange, and a project examining bacterial epidemiology. Cross-listed with MCBL 121L.
BIOL 122. Food Microbiology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A with a grade of "C-" or better. Covers spoilage and preservation of food; food quality and indicator organisms; the role of microorganisms in the production of dairy goods and fermented beverages; food-borne pathogens and microbiological production of toxins; and classical and modern molecular methods for detection of food microorganisms. Cross-listed with MCBL 122.
BIOL 123. Introduction to Comparative Virology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110A-BCH 110B (BCH 110B may be taken concurrently); BIOL 107A or BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A (BIOL 107A or BIOL 121A/MCBL 121A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. Considers viruses as infectious agents of bacteria, plants, and animals (vertebrates and invertebrates). Compares the major groups of viruses to each other with respect to their biological and biochemical properties, molecular and genetic characteristics, and modes of replication. Cross-listed with MCBL 123 and PLPA 123.
BIOL 127. Insect Ecology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C or consent of instructor. Principles of insect ecology. Topics, with examples emphasizing the Arthropoda, include factors governing population growth; ecological and evolutionary interactions with hosts, competitors, and natural enemies; structure of ecological communities; and adaptations to different environments. Cross-listed with ENTM 127. Credit is not allowed for both BIOL 117 and BIOL 127/ENTM 127.
BIOL 128. Immunology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CBNS 111 or BIOL 113 or BIOL 114, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. A study of humoral and cellular immunology. Topics include lymphoid systems, cells, antigens, antibodies, antibody formation, cellular immunity, and tumor and transplantation immunology. Diseases and altered immune states associated with each topic are discussed in detail. Cross-listed with CBNS 128.
BIOL 132. Plant Anatomy. (5)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B, or consent of instructor. Functional and developmental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ structure. All aspects of the flowering plant life cycle are covered from germination to pollination and fruit and seed development. Cross-listed with BPSC 132.
BIOL 134. Introduction to Mycology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, or equivalents. Introduction to the morphology, taxonomy, genetics, physiology, ecology, and economic importance of the major groups of the fungi. Cross-listed with PLPA 134.
BIOL 134L. Introduction to Mycology Laboratory. (1)
Laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, or equivalents; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 134/PLPA 134; or consent of instructor. Introduces fundamentals in the use of laboratory instruments and techniques for the isolation, cultivation, and identification of representatives of the major taxa of fungi. Cross-listed with PLPA 134L.
BIOL 138. Morphology of Vascular Plants. (4)
Lecture, two hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently), BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. Investigates the comparative morphology and evolution of vascular plants from the viewpoint of fossil and living representatives, with a focus on the Angiosperms. Cross-listed with BPSC 138.
BIOL 143. Plant Physiology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently), BIOL 104/BPSC 104; or consent of instructor. A survey of the fundamental principles of plant physiology, including photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, mineral nutrition, growth, morphogenesis, plant hormones, dormancy, and senescence. Cross-listed with BPSC 143.
BIOL 151. Invertebrate Zoology. (5)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, PHYS 002A with grades of "C-" or better. Structure, classification, and biology of the invertebrates.
BIOL 152. Principles of Invertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoecology. (4)
Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three hours; three one-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C with a grade of "C-" or better or BIOL 010/GEO 003 with a grade of "C-" or better. Topics include evolution and the fossil record, paleoecology, classification theory, the nature of adaptive radiations, and extinctions. Cross-listed with GEO 152.
BIOL 153. Plant Biotechnology. (4)
Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BCH 110C or BIOL 107A; upper-division standing; consent of instructor. A study of modern techniques in plant genome modification. Topics include nucleic acid cloning and sequencing, plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, controlled-environment plant growth, gene mapping, and germplasm collections. Also explores the history of plant biotechnology; economic, agricultural, nutritional, medicinal, and societal relevance; and regulatory issues. Cross-listed with BCH 153 and BPSC 153. Credit is awarded for only one of BCH 153/BIOL 153/BPSC 153 or BIOL 109.
BIOL 155. Chromosomes. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A (BCH 100 or BCH 110A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. An examination of the structure, function, and behavior of eukaryotic chromosomes. Cross-listed with BPSC 155.
BIOL 157. Parasitology. (5)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. The nature and principles of parasitism with a survey of various types of animal parasites.
BIOL 159. Biology of Nematodes. (3)
Lecture, two hours; discussion and demonstration, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An introduction to the biology of nematodes. Topics include the morphology, physiology, development, genetics, behavior, and ecology of nematodes from parasitic and free-living habitats. In the discussion and demonstration section, students observe the comparative morphology and biology of nematodes and give oral prese nematode life histories. Cross-listed with NEM 159.
BIOL 160. Animal Behavior. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, and BIOL 102 with grades of "C-" or better, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An examination of behavior from an evolutionary and ecological perspective. Topics include the inheritance of behavior, evolution of communication and displays, migration and habitat selection, foraging ecology, mating systems, and the evolution of social behavior.
BIOL 160L. Laboratory in Animal Behavior. (1)
Laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 160 (may be taken concurrently). Laboratory and field exercises in animal behavior. Covers topics such as foraging behavior, aggression, and territoriality.
BIOL 161A. Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates. (5)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112A, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002A, and one course in statistics with grades of "C-" or better. A study of the functional anatomy of vertebrates, including humans. Examines each organ system from a developmental and evolutionary perspective. Topics include phylogeny, the skeleton, muscles, and the nervous system. BIOL 161A, BIOL 161B, and BIOL 171 provide a one-year sequence to meet professional school requirements for human anatomy and physiology. Recommended for sophomores and juniors.
BIOL 161B. Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates. (5)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161A, CHEM 112B, and PHYS 002B with grades of "C-" or better. A study of the functional anatomy of vertebrates, including humans. Examines each organ system from a developmental and evolutionary perspective. Topics include circulation, sense organs, the integument, and the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems. BIOL161A, BIOL 161B, and BIOL 171 provide a one-year sequence to meet professional school requirements for human anatomy and physiology. Recommended for sophomores and juniors.
BIOL 162. Insect Behavior. (4)
Lecture, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 100/ENTM 100; or BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C; or consent of instructor. An analysis of the mechanisms that cause and control behavioral reactions of insects. Emphasis on ethological and physiological knowledge concerning orientation mechanisms, communication systems, learning, and the role of the nervous system in integrating behavior in insects. Cross-listed with ENTM 162.
BIOL 163. Evolutionary Ecology of Terrestrial Vertebrates. (5)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. Topics include ecology, evolution, and behavior of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Laboratory covers systematics, morphology, and identification, and includes field trips to local habitats.
BIOL 164A. Applied Conservation Biology. (4)
Lecture and discussion, twenty-five hours per quarter; field and laboratory work, forty-five hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, one course in statistics; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 164B, BIOL 164C, BIOL 164D; consent of instructor. An examination of natural resource conservation, with emphasis on habitat and ecosystem management, endangered species issues, biodiversity maintenance, and the trade-offs between resource exploitation, preservation, and sustainability. The Owens Valley of eastern California serves as a case study. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.
BIOL 164B. Field Ecology. (4)
Lecture, twenty hours per quarter; discussion, ten hours per quarter; field and laboratory work, thirty hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, one course in statistics; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 164A, BIOL 164C, BIOL 164D; consent of instructor. An examination of factors governing the distribution and abundance of organisms. Emphasizes studies of community structures and their relationships to biotic and abiotic components of the environment, using hypothetico-deductive experimental approaches and extensive field work. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of BIOL 118 or BIOL 164B.
BIOL 164C. Physiological Ecology. (4)
Lecture, twenty hours per quarter; discussion, ten hours per quarter; field and laboratory work, thirty hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, one course in statistics; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 164A, BIOL 164B, BIOL 164D; consent of instructor. Mechanisms of organismal function, particularly with respect to adaptation and acclimatization to diverse environmental conditions. Specific topics include energy metabolism, gas exchange, circulation, thermal effects, and regulation of body temperature and fluid composition. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.
BIOL 164D. Independent Research in Environmental Biology. (4)
Discussion, ten hours per quarter; field and laboratory work, ninety hours per quarter. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, one course in statistics; concurrent enrollment in BIOL 164A, BIOL 164B, BIOL 164C; consent of instructor. Special study and research on problems in environmental biology, under the supervision of members of the faculty of BIOL 164A, BIOL 164B, and BIOL 164C. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.
BIOL 165. Restoration Ecology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; two one-day field trips; three half-day field trips. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C, BIOL 117, CHEM 112C, STAT 020 or STAT 100A (STAT 020 or STAT 100A may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. BIOL 102 is recommended. An examination of the basic ecological principles related to land restoration. Topics include enhanced succession, plant establishment, plant adaptations, ecotypes, weed colonization and competition, nutrient cycling, functions and reintroduction of soil microorganisms, restoration for wildlife, and the determination of successful restoration. Includes field trips to restored sites. Cross-listed with BPSC 165.
BIOL 167. General Embryology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. A survey of the morphological and physiological events which occur during embryonic development.
BIOL 168. Developmental Biology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 107A; a course in cell biology is recommended. An advanced description of the embryonic development of animals. Covers the basic concepts of fertilization, gastrulation, and neurulation. Analyzes topics in current developmental research, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of pattern formation and differentiation.
BIOL 171. Human Anatomy and Physiology. (5)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, BIOL 161A, BIOL 161B, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An analysis of cell, tissue, and organ structure and function in normal and diseased conditions. Topics include the musculoskeletal, circulatory, and autonomic nervous systems; glands and hormones; body fluids and the kidney; digestion and absorption; pharmacology; hematology; and the histology of major tissues and organs. BIOL 161A, BIOL 161B, and BIOL 171 provide a one-year sequence to meet professional school requirements in human anatomy and physiology.
BIOL 173. Insect Physiology. (4)
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A and BIOL 005B or equivalents, CHEM 112A-CHEM 112B-CHEM 112C or equivalents; or consent of instructor. Introduction to principles of insect physiology. Subjects include growth, development and hormones, cuticle, nervous system, circulation, respiration, digestion, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, water balance, and temperature relations. Prior knowledge of insects is not assumed. Cross-listed with ENTM 173.
BIOL 174. Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. Examines the interactions between organisms and their environments, emphasizing coadaptation of physiological, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes. Topics include allometry and scaling, metabolism and locomotion, heat and water exchange, evolution of endothermy, artificial selection experiments, and phylogenetically based statistical methods.
BIOL 175. Comparative Animal Physiology. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics; recommended: BIOL 151 or both BIOL 161A and BIOL 161B. Topics include nutrition and energy metabolism, gas exchange, circulation, and regulation of body fluid composition.
BIOL 175L. Comparative Animal Physiology Laboratory. (2)
Laboratory, six hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics; BIOL 175 (may be taken concurrently). Laboratory exercises in comparative animal physiology.
BIOL 176. Comparative Biomechanics. (4)
Lecture, 3 hours; discussion, 1 hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005C; PHYS 002C or PHYS 004C; BCH 100 or BCH 110A. Applies principles from physics and engineering to the study of the relationship between organismal form and function. Covers examples from diverse plant and animal systems. Includes fundamental properties of solids and fluids, viscoelasticity, drag, biological pumps, locomotion, and muscle mechanics.
BIOL 178. Hormones and Behavior. (3)
Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 005A, BIOL 005B, BIOL 005C, CHEM 001C or CHEM 01HC, CHEM 112C, MATH 009B or MATH 09HB, PHYS 002C, PHYS 02LC, BCH 100 or BCH 110A, one course in statistics. An examination of the interactions between hormones and behavior in animals, including humans. Topics include sexual differentiation, sex differences in behavior, sexual behavior, parental behavior, aggression, stress, learning, and memory.
BIOL 185 (E-Z). Advanced Undergraduate Seminar in Biology. (2-4)
Seminar, two to four hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with a major in biology or related field. A seminar course offered to provide biology majors and others that can meet the prerequisite of the course, an opportunity for an in-depth consideration of special topics in biology and related areas. Topics are selected as faculty interest, student interest, and opportunity permit. (Limited enrollment) G. Biology of Development (2); N. Biology of Food (3); P. Psychobiology (2).
BIOL 190. Special Studies. (1-4)
Individual study, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor and departmental chairperson. To be taken as a means of meeting special curricular needs. Grading basis to be selected in consultation with the instructor and departmental chairperson. Course is repeatable.
BIOL 191. Seminar in Biology. (2)
Seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Each quarter will be devoted to a critical study of selected topics in biology. Undergraduates may receive credit for this course for participation in a graduate-level seminar. Course is repeatable.
BIOL 194. Independent Reading. (1-4)
Consultation, one to four hours. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior standing and consent of instructor and departmental chairperson. Independent study under faculty supervision. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable to a maximum of 4 units.
BIOL 197. Introduction to Research. (1-2)
Consultation, one to two hours. Prerequisite(s): sophomore, junior or senior standing and consent of instructor and departmental chairperson. Reading, planning and preliminary laboratory work to develop a research project suitable for BIOL 199, Junior/Senior Research. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.
BIOL 199. Junior/Senior Research. (1-4)
Laboratory, one to four hours. Prerequisite(s): junior or senior standing, a minimum GPA of 3.0 and consent of instructor and departmental chairperson. Special problems and research in biology performed under the supervision of members of the faculty of the Department of Biology. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.